The Expansion of the Kom into Pitigal

When the Kom arrived in their present location, they found the region inhabited by Jâshi, Binio, and Kshto peoples. The Jâshi held the site of present-day `kombřom (‘Kom Community,' otherwise known as "Kâmdesh"), located on the ridge of a mountain spur high above the confluence of the Landai Sin and Nichingal Rivers. The Jâshi are considered to be the autochthons of the region. The Binio, originally refugees from Büni in the upper Pech Valley, held the uplands to the east of the Jâshi. The Kshto, refugees from Küst near Büni, held the lowlands along the aforementioned rivers, including the current sites of the villages of `kStořm, ^âguru, ^ürmür, `merořm, and ^kâmu.

Over the years the Kom gradually replaced these groups as masters of the region. The Binio lost their mountain pastures to the Kom, effectively reducing them to client status. The Jâshi fled down the Landai Sin into the side valleys of pitigal and uštroT, where they subsequently underwent the same fate as the Binios. The following account details the process of expropriation in Pitigal. The Kshto fought nine losing wars in which the Kom gained all their lowland possessions except the area around present-day KStořm.

This account of the Kom expansion into Pitigal [‘Piti Valley'] was related to me in 1973 by Fazl Karim and Qâzi Ghulâm Ullâh in Kâbul. Both men are residents of Pitigal.



pitikal sta tårix
related by
Fazl Karim
and
Qâzi Ghulâm Ullâh
to
Richard F. Strand
 
History of Piti Valley
related by
Fazl Karim
and
Qâzi Ghulâm Ullâh
to
Richard F. Strand
 
[RS] ina ^pitikal sta tårix_âsa `nâ˜i â? ko ^vilâ, `kâa kti vilânša bo. ^nüštruk ste `kâa ^źâňanša bo. [RS] You know the history of Piti Valley? Well, tell me whatever you know, from the very first.
[FK] `ou˜. ^nüštruk ste. âska `o˜ vâllânâsim ^âska mi vâllânâllam ca. `ou˜. ^nüštruk de âska `pitikal ^âni ste `koma˜ `nâ âta go u˜ `nâ˜i â? `pitikal `nâ go˜. [FK] O.K., from the very first. What I was telling you before, that's just what I‘ll be telling you now. Yes. From the very first before the Kom went from here into Piti Valley, right? Before they went to Piti Valley.
^ârâňi sta ^guTkec nom vo mânša ... A man named Rich Woman's Gutkech ...
[RS] `kâca â? [RS] Who?
[FK] ^ârâňi sta ^guTkec. `noňas ^ârâňi nom_âsa. ^ârâ, dâra `gek_kti mi `nâ[?]_kunta ca. [FK] Rich Woman's Gutkech. His mother was named ^ârâňi [`Rich Woman']. That's how Rich Woman's Boys came to be called such, right?
[RS] ^ârâ dâra `gek_kti kunta? [RS] That's why Rich Woman's Boys are called that, huh?
[FK] `ou˜, `gek_kti kunta ou˜. [FK] Yes, that's how they call them.
[RS] `noňas poar sta? [RS] From the mother's side?
[FK] `ou˜. ^âsko sta `noňas ^ârâa_âsa. ^imo ŋe, o `gek_kti ^ârâa dâra_kunta. [FK] Yes. His mother was rich. That's why they call us Rich Woman's Boys.
[RS] `mâtâ kša. ^i·a kâa kti buna? [RS] Wait a minute. How does that happen?
[GU] `noňas `nom vâa billi, ^kâTavâa jukuř billi, ^ârâňi sta ^guTkec di_âska `noňas pânom vo ... [GU] His mother must have had a big name. She must have been a powerful woman. Rich Woman's Gutkech was how he was known, by his mother ...
[FK] `noňas to `pe teti `nom_âsa, âska. ^ârâňi sta ^guTkec kunta âske ŋe. [FK] His name was attached to his mother's. They called him Rich Woman's Gutkech.
^âska, ^âni `mümoc to `jena to˜_to, `jeS mi jeSa˜ meS, ^âskea ^gija_kâřastâi, `kuř `poňa_âša·sa, "`o˜ć ^âtre ^jâša gurbek to ste, `go vř☠ŋâti `âćlom_kti. While he was sitting here with some men of the Crest, with some leaders, he said to them, with his one leg crossed over the other, "I'm going to go in there [to Piti Valley], rip off a cow from Gurbek the Jâshi, and come back.
[RS] ^jâša gurbek to ste. [RS] From Gurbek the Jâshi.
[FK] ^jâša âšta, `nâ˜i â? `pitikal `suanti ^jâša âi. [FK] They were Jâshi, right? In Piti Valley there were all Jâshi then.
[GU] ^jâša gurbek `pitikal `leamoc_âsa. [GU] Gurbek the Jâshi was a warrior in Piti Valley then.
[FK] ^âska `leamoc_âsa. [FK] He was a warrior.
^â·kiste, âska `jâša gurbek sta, ^â·ki âmki ^mânšoa˜ pâmüc, `leamoca˜ pâmüc, e `leavâllâla_âsa, âni. ^âskea gija_kâřa·sa, "âska ^jâša gurbek de `nu pâCan kâřa·sa, ^bila˜ mer meS. ^âske to `tü `vř☠ŋâti `âća˜ `nâ bânša. `e cuřa `tua ^nâšana [nâšalo], `nâ i, kti gija_kâřa·sa. So then, among those men, those warriors [with whom Gutkech was sitting] there was a friend of Gurbek the Jâshi here [in Kom Community]. He said, "Gurbek the Jâshi has fought nine wars with the king of Chitral. You can't rip anything off from him. He'll trash you. Don't go."
^âskea ^gija_kâřa·stâi "`o˜ć, `kâa `bulo bo `bulo, `ienam, ^âske to `vř☠ŋâti `âćlom. The other said, "Whatever happens to me will happen. I'm going. I'll rip him off and come back."
^gâňoa˜ giti `gu·sa, âska. ^âni ste `giti `pitikal gu·sa. `pitikal giti ^â·kiste˜ ^âpřara=noř nom vo e `to˜_âsa, â·ki. âska ^jâša gurbek sta. ^â·ki `jena to˜_to ^âska ^pâři·sa. `pitikal [?] ^vâsi·sa, â·kiste ^pâřuckol âska `gurbek to ^gija_kâřa·sa "`go ^bâram dâ, `o˜ `ienam. ^âskea gija_kâřa·sa He swore an oath to it and went. He went from here to Piti Valley. He went to Piti Valley, and there's a place there called Unreachable Stream, that was Gurbek the Jâshi's place. He arrived while [Gurbek] was sitting there. He spent the night in Piti Valley, and then in the morning he said to Gurbek, "Bring a cow out of the stable; I'm going.
"`go `kâa ^râqâm? di gâanša. `kâa kti `gâanša? goa˜. "Cow? What kind of cow are you taking? How are you taking cows?"
"ina `goa ^bâram dâ `ne? `o˜ `gâanam. `ina `kâa kti di gâalom. "Just bring out the cow, right? I'm taking it. However I take it."
"^koTa˜ `gâanša_kâřa·sa. "Are you taking it by force?", he said.
"`ou˜. "Yes!"
"e ^koTa˜ gâanša bo de, `go ^â·kü âi, `tü ^â·kü_â·ša `gâi? ne. "Well, if you're taking it by force, there are the cows, there you are, so take it, why don't you."
^â·kiste ^âskea ^âmu źâňi `ü_giti `pšol `du_âta kti `go ^bâram dâti ^bâřastâi. `ecok to, `gu to, ^âkiste `pTipâara suara âska `trevoc ŋâti ^liSTi·sa. gurbek. ^gurbeka giti âska ^ârâňi sta guTkec to `ptri_sâni·sa. `ptri_sânti, ^âskea `trevoc ^pâňu kâři to ca, ^suarea `Ti˜c bi·sa `i˜a `viana kti. `Sea `gek_kti `vâa kSea to ^ânü ^kârmaTi viati ^âtam_sâneati `peTti âTlea·sa. ^â·kiste `ü biti ^kârmaTia ŋâti ^âska ^âni `cu˜ oaźti oa·sa. `suara `goa˜_^â·kü nâceati. So he went by himself down to the stable, opened the door, drove the cows out, and took them away. After he had gone a little bit, Gurbek took his sword and attacked him from behind. Gurbek went and caught up to Rich Woman's Gutkech. He caught up, and when he raised his sword, the other one became aware that he was going to be struck. As he ducked his head his ear was hit right here and sliced off right down to the base. He reached down and grabbed his ear and hustled back out and up to Kom Community, leaving the cows behind there.
`âćti ^âni `kombřom oasi to, ^â·kiste ^âmni [?] âska, ^kârmaTi düŋe, `tre vići `gâS mâti, `iâš teti, ^â·kiste ^âskea `tre vos `u·p☠giTti, ^pâšaNto˜ teti ca, ^â·kiste ... When he got back to Kom Community they killed sixty billy-goats and had a huge funeral feast for that ear. They tied it up on a bier for three days at the cemetery, and then ...
[RS] âska ^kârmaTi â? [RS] The ear?
[FK] `ou˜. ^pâlot jenastâi. ^âkiste ^âni, `kombřom mânšoa˜ sta ^imo sta `put `pitikal `pâido bi. [FK] Yes. Then they sat to discuss the terms of peace. Then the people of Kom Community here, our people, found a path into Piti Valley.
"`tü [?] `goa˜ přela bi bo, `go `nâ vřâkâ. `gul vřâkâmmo kti, âmki `bor âšala bi bo. ^kârmaTi sta `bor `gul vřâkâmmo kti ca, âmna `koma˜ špâio. ^imo sta `put buli â·ki. "If he's going to give you cows [in compensation for the ear], don't take cows. Let's get land, when they fix a blood price. We should get land for the blood price of the ear," the Kom agreed. "We should get an inroad there."
^â·kiste caâ˜, `lot, ^pâlot jenâ_â? `pâlot jeti ^â·kiste ^âmkioa˜ ... So they sat down for peace talks, right? They sat down and then ...
[RS] `kâa? [RS] What?
[FK] ^pâlot jenâ. `lot kâroanta, `nâ˜i â? mânša. ^pâlot jenâ. ^pâlot jeti ^mânšoa˜ `lot kâreati, ^â·ki `de to˜ niSo `nima, `poato přukom `cama, e `gul_âsa, ^âska ^bâbor âši. `bor âšti, âska ^ârâňi sta guTkec to `tre vići `go pto. âska ^jâša gurbek meS, `lot_kti, ^â·kiste âska ^ârâňi sta guTkec ^â·ki `pitikal âta go. o ^i·a `gita sta viri_âsa. [FK] They sat down for peace talks. They're making peace, right? The men. They sat down for peace talks. They sat down and made peace between the men, and fixed the blood compensation at a valley there from Divine Place Farms on down to Poato Scaffold. When the compensation was fixed Rich Woman's Gutkech was given sixty cows. After he made peace with Gurbek the Jâshi, Rich Woman's Gutkech went into Piti Valley there. That's the way it was.
[RS] ^â·kiste `dre `kâa kti âmki suara `dümü dâra bulâ, âmki `vâre ^gâřak dâra bulâ, ^âmki kâa kti gustâi, â·ki. [RS] Then later how did Dümü's Boys and Gârak's Boys, for example, how did they go in.
[FK] ^â·kiste˜ ^câcoka˜ âska `koma˜ sta, âska `gul bi, `nâ˜i â? ^â·ki e ^mânše sta bi ca. ^âkiste˜ `kâca `leavâllâla pâido kti, ^âkiste˜ `kâca `ŋâti, `kâca o `gek kum ^câcoka˜ câcoka˜ `šaTe˜ bâ mânša. ^â·kiste ^jâša `püs bum guâ, `kom ^uto bum guâ. ^jâša `püs bum guâ; `kom ^uto bum guâ. `gek bum giti, ^jâša `kâca de ^mâřâ, `kâca ^mukiâ, `koma˜ sta `koT bo. `kom `šaTe˜ bâ. âa, `strak ^â·ki `što moc `puc moc ^jâša ^pâta bistâi, ^suara jâša `püs bistâi. `gul `koma˜_to ^pâta bi·sa. `vâre? [FK] Then little by little, the valley became the Koms', right? It started off as one man's; then he found some friends, and then somebody bought some land, and so on and so forth, and little by little the people became many. And then the Jâshi got fewer and the Kom got more and more. Then the Jâshi kept disappearing, and the Kom kept getting greater. The Jâshi kept disappearing, and the Kom kept getting greater. It kept going like that; some of the Jâshi died off, and some of them fled, and the Kom gained power. The Kom became many. Now there are only four or five Jâshi remaining; the rest of the Jâshi have disappeared. The valley remained for the Kom, what else?
[RS] ^â·ki âska ^kâtoa˜ sta `so˜ `kua vř☠ŋuti·sa. [RS] So then that mountain pasture of the Kâta, who ripped that off?
[FK] ^kâtoa˜ sta so˜ `koma˜. [FK] The Kâtas' mountain pasture? The Kom.
[RS] ^âmkioa˜ sta so˜ `kor_âsa? âska, ^mâjom poar ^âmkioa˜ sta_âsi â? [RS] Where was their mountain pasture? Was it in Majom?
[FK] âa, `care, ^trâmšakal gul ^kâta ^pâso˜_âvenâsi. ^trâmšakal gul to. `care. e˜, ^durik niSo `cama di ^kâta ^pâso˜_âvenâsi. e˜, ^kâtoa˜ sta_âsi, ne? `â·sal ^kâtoa˜ pâküř_âsi, âska `so˜. ^â·kiste `koma˜ `dre ^âni ste ^mânša ^âta giti, `buaTa bi to, ^âni `koma˜ `Suc_kti `Suc_kti, ^âmkioa˜ meS `Suc_kti `vř☠ŋâti `gâati `ca pâcuřuka, e ^â·ki ^pâpuSto˜_šut kunta, `care, ^â·ki caruka, e ^šâlto˜ ^kâtoa˜ sta_âsa. ^trâmšakal ^bâkul ^âta pâcuřuka, `ea šâlto˜ âi? `dü âi bo. ^â·ki ^kâtoa˜ sta âi. `suara `sunti ^koma˜ vř☠ŋutastâi. [FK] Up there in Twilight Valley was were the Kâta used to bring their flocks to mountain pasture. To Twilight Valley. Up there. Also from Durik Farm on up was where the Kâta were bringing their flocks to mountain pastures. It was the Kâtas'. Basically it was under the Kâtas' domain, that mountain pasture. Then later when the Kom had gone in from here and become numerous, the Kom from here fought and fought with them, ripped it off, and took it all the way up to the end. At the very end there's a place they call Boondock Ground, a little way up from there is a stable area of the Kâta. At the very end of Twilight Valley there are one or maybe two stable areas. They belong to the Kâta. All the rest the Kom ripped off.
[GU] ^pâCan_kti `vř☠ŋutastâa, leamoca˜. [GU] The warriors made war and ripped them off.
[FK] ^â·ki `di âska e `di âska ^ârâňi sta guTkec sta ^nâvos_âsa_â? de. ^pâliuk muri_kunta, `ea ^âska_âsa; `ea suara `merak cânlü `dü mânšoa˜ ^â·ki `Suc kâřa·sa, evor. `Suc ^imo to ^mâˁlum_âsa. âmki `düa˜ mi kâřa·sa. `lea vâllâla âi, `oadü. [FK] There was a grandson of Rich Woman's Gutkech there, too, right? They call him Pâliuk's Muri. He was one, and there was another, Merak's Chânlü. One time the two men made war there. We know about the war. Just those two did it. They were both friends.
[RS] `kua `totbřo_âsi? [RS] Whose agnates were they?
[FK] `ea `merak dâra -- `merak dâra sta -- `merak cânlü ^imo sta `voa buna; `ea ^ârâa dâra.. [FK] One was Merak's Boy -- Merak's Boy's -- Merak's Chânlü is our ancestor. One was Rich Woman's Boy ...
[GU] `ea ^âmnoa˜ voa_âsa, âska. ^pâliuk muri. [GU] One is their [Fazl Karim's agnates'] forefather, that Pâliuk's Muri.
[FK] ^â·ki ^âskea âmna ^mânšoa˜ sta ^viri to ^â·kiste `strak vik ina ^viri ^mâšhur_âsa, ne? ^âska `ea pânoř ^âSTić ^dâřvo jâňistâi kti. ^âSTić ^dâřvo nom vo mânša. [FK] So even up to now there's a story about them that's famous, right? At one single stream they killed eighteen Dâřvos. Eighteen men named Dâřvo.
[GU] `ea noř to ^dâřvo -- ^kâta -- ^dâřvo nom ^kâta ^biliuk bunta, `nâ˜i â? ^âSTić moc `ea pânoř mi, ^dâřvo jâňistâa_kunta, ^dâřvo nom vo mânša. ^âSTić, ^dâřvo nom vo mânša. `suara de ^biliuk mânša jâňistâa, `nâ˜i â? `cuk ^jâňi·sala bo. `gi☠^dâřvo nom vo mânša, `e pânoř ćoa; ^âSTić moc jâňistâa. [GU] At one stream -- the Kâta have a lot of men named Dâřvo, right? Eighteen men named Dâřvo were killed at just one stream, they say. Eighteen men named Dâřvo. A lot of other men were killed, right, however many might have been killed. But just men named Dâřvo, at one stream, eighteen were killed.
ina ^pâliuk muri ŋe `lâalu_âsa `nâ˜i â? There's a song for this Pâliuk's Muri:
"`bekću ^âro pâliuk muri o.
`šur e tua ^saňi meS,
^kâmšur e tua ^kâmsaňi meS.
Look outward, O Rich Pâliuk's Muri.
Hero with your soldiers,
Kom Hero with your Kom soldiers.
`suara `caň di ^leamoc ina ^mâro_kârlo jâno_âsa. ^âske ŋe di `lâalu_âsa. And up the valley [in Kâta Country] there's Kârlo's Jâno, also a warrior. There's a song for him, too:
"`bekću ^mâro ^kârlo ^jâno.
`šur e tua ^saňi meS,
^kât·šur e tua ^kât·saňi meS.
Look outward, Mâro's Kârlo's Jâno.
Hero with your soldiers,
Kâta Hero with your Kâta soldiers.
[RS] ^kât·saňi meS `kunta_â? [RS] They say, "with kât·saňi," huh? [checking the phonetics]
[GU] `ou˜. ^kât·šur e tua ^kât·saňi meS. âmki `leamoca˜ ŋe `lâalu âi. [GU] Yes. "Kâta Hero with your Kâta soldiers." These are songs for those warriors.
[FK] âmki ^âTi `strak di_âsi â·ki, mânšoa˜ sta. `evor, ^kârü âćti ca, ^pâküř tâřâ. ^pâktavoa˜ ^âTi. ^mânšoa˜ sta ^âTi `Suc to jâňi stoa˜. [FK] Those men's bones were there even now. Once a flood came and dumped the bones in a cave. The bones of the men who were killed in the war.


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First posted 7 Jan. 1998     Last modified 29 June 2002

(Phonemic transcription updated 7 October 2007)

Copyright © 1998-2002 by Richard F. Strand